Introduction to modern cosmology 2ed wiley
Book information
- Book title : Introduction to modern cosmology 2ed
- Author : Andrew Liddle
File information
- File size :12.43 Mb
- File format : PDF File
Textbook title page
Preface xi
Constants, conversion factors and symbols xiv
1 A (Very) Brief History of Cosmological Ideas 1
2 Observational Overview 3
- 2.1 In visible light 3
- 2.2 In other wavebands 7
- 2.3 Homogeneity and isotropy 8
- 2.4 The expansion of the Universe 9
- 2.5 Particles in the Universe 11
- 2.5.1 What particles are there? 11
- 2.5.2 Thermal distributions and the black-body spectrum 13
3 Newtonian Gravity 17
- 3.1 The Friedmann equation 18
- 3.2 On the meaning of the expansion 21
- 3.3 Things that go faster than light 21
- 3.4 The fluid equation 22
- 3.5 The acceleration equation 23
- 3.6 On mass, energy and vanishing factors of c2 24
4 The Geometry of the Universe 25
- 4.1 Flat geometry 25
- 4.2 Spherical geometry 26
- 4.3 Hyperbolic geometry 28
- 4.4 Infinite and observable Universes 29
- 4.5 Where did the Big Bang happen? 29
- 4.6 Three values of k 30
5 Simple Cosmological Models 33
- 5.1 Hubble'slaw 33
- 5.2 Expansion and redshift 34
- 5.3 Solving the equations 355.3.1 Matter 36
- 5.3.2 Radiation 37
- 5.3.3 Mixtures 38
- 5.4 Particle number densities 39
- 5.5 Evolution including curvature 40
6 Observational Parameters 45
- 6.1 The expansion rate HO 45
- 6.2 The density parameter Q0 47
- 6.3 The deceleration parameter QQ 48
7 The Cosmological Constant 51
- 7.1 Introducing A 51
- 7.2 Fluid description of A 52
- 7.3 Cosmological models with A 53
8 The Age of the Universe 57
9 The Density of the Universe and Dark Matter 63
- 9.1 Weighing the Universe 63
- 9.1.1 Counting stars 63
- 9.1.2 Nucleosynthesis foreshadowed 64
- 9.1.3 Galaxy rotation curves 64
- 9.1.4 Galaxy cluster composition 66
- 9.1.5 Bulk motions in the Universe 67
- 9.1.6 The formation of structure 68
- 9.1.7 The geometry of the Universe and the brightness of supernovae . 68
- 9.1.8 Overview 69
- 9.2 What might the dark matter be? 69
- 9.3 Dark matter searches 72
10 The Cosmic Microwave Background 75
- 10.1 Properties of the microwave background 75
- 10.2 The photon to baryon ratio 77
- 10.3 The origin of the microwave background 78
- 10.4 The origin of the microwave background (advanced) 81
11 The Early Universe 85
12 Nucleosynthesis: The Origin of the Light Elements 91
12 Nucleosynthesis: The Origin of the Light Elements 91
- 12.1 Hydrogen and Helium 91
- 12.2 Comparing with observations 94
- 12.3 Contrasting decoupling and nucleosynthesis 96
13 The Inflationary Universe 99
- 13.1 Problems with the Hot Big Bang 99
- 13.1.1 The flatness problem 99
- 13.1.2 The horizon problem 101
- 13.1.3 Relic particle abundances 102
- 13.2 Inflationary expansion 103
- 13.3 Solving the Big Bang problems 104
- 13.3.1 The flatness problem 104
- 13.3.2 The horizon problem 105
- 13.3.3 Relic particle abundances 106
- 13.4 How much inflation? 106
- 13.5 Inflation and particle physics 107
14 The Initial Singularity 111
15 Overview: The Standard Cosmological Model 115
Advanced Topic 1 General Relativistic Cosmology 119
- 1.1 The metric of space-time 119
- 1.2 The Einstein equations 120
- 1.3 Aside: Topology of the Universe 122
Advanced Topic 2 Classic Cosmology: Distances and Luminosities 125
- 2.1 Light propagation and redshift 125
- 2.2 The observable Universe 128
- 2.3 Luminosity distance 128
- 2.4 Angular diameter distance 132
- 2.5 Source counts 134
Advanced Topic 3 Neutrino Cosmology 137
- 3.1 The massless case 137
- 3.2 Massive neutrinos 139
- 3.2.1 Light neutrinos 139
- 3.2.2 Heavy neutrinos 140
- 3.3 Neutrinos and structure formation 140
Advanced Topic 4 Baryogenesis 143
Advanced Topic 5 Structures in the Universe 147
- 5.1 The observed structures 147
- 5.2 Gravitational instability 149
- 5.3 The clustering of galaxies 150
- 5.4 Cosmic microwave background anisotropies 152
- 5.4.1 Statistical description of anisotropies 152
- 5.4.2 Computing the Ct 154
- 5.4.3 Microwave background observations 155
- 5.4.4 Spatial geometry 1565.5 The origin of structure 157
Bibliography 161
Numerical answers and hints to problems 163
Index 167
Numerical answers and hints to problems 163
Index 167