Theoretical astrophysics vol.2-stars and stellar systems-Thanu Padmanabhan
Textbook information
- Book title :Theoretical astrophysics vol.2-stars and stellar systems
- Author : Thanu Padmanabhan
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- File size :8.50 Mb
- File format : DJVU File
Textbook content page
1 Overview: Stars and Stellar Systems
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Stars
- 1.3 Stellar Magnitudes and Colours
- 1.4 Overview of Stellar Evolution
- 1.5 Pulsars
- 1.6 Stellar Binaries
- 1.7 Interstellar Medium
- 1.8 Theoretical Constraints on Astronomical Observations
- 1.8.1 Limitations Due to Earth's Atmosphere
- 1.8.2 Limitation on Resolution
- 1.8.3 Sensitivity and Signal-to-Noise Ratio
- 1.8.4 Dynamic Range of Observations
- 1.8.5 Luminosity Bias
- 1.8.6 Confusion Limit
2 Stellar Structure
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Equations of Stellar Structure
- 2.3 Solutions to Equations of Stellar Structure
- 2.4 Toy Stellar Models
- 2.4.1 Homologous Stellar Models
- 2.4.2 The Radiative Stellar Envelope
- 2.4.3 Fully Convective Stars with H~ Opacity
- 2.5 Observational Aspects of Stellar Atmospheres
- 2.5.1 Continuum Radiation
- 2.5.2 Lines
3 Stellar Evolution 113
- 3.1 Introduction 113
- 3.2 Overview 114
- 3.3 Pre-Main-Sequence Collapse 116
- 3.3.1 Gravitational Instability and Mass Scales 116
- 3.3.2 Collapse of a Spherical Cloud 118
- 3.3.3 Contraction onto the Main Sequence 124
- 3.3.4 Brown Dwarfs 129
- 3.3.5 General Discussion of Homologous Collapse 136
- 3.4 Evolution of High-Mass Stars 139
- 3.4.1 Initial Stages in Main Sequence 140
- 3.4.2 Shell Burning of Hydrogen 140
- 3.4.3 Core Contraction and Envelope Expansion 142
- 3.4.4 Red Giant Phase and Core Helium Ignition 149
- 3.4.5 Horizontal and Asymptotic Giant Branches 150
- 3.5 Evolution of Low-Mass Stars 151
- 3.5.1 Core and Shell Hydrogen Burning 151
- 3.5.2 Red Giant Phase 154
- 3.5.3 Helium Flash 157
- 3.5.4 Evolution after the Helium Flash 160
- 3.6 Late-Stage Evolution of Stars 161
- 3.7 Stellar Oscillations and Stability 171
- 3.7.1 Adiabatic Spherical Pulsations 172
- 3.7.2 Nonadiabatic Effects in Radial Pulsations 178
- 3.7.3 Adiabatic Nonradial Oscillations 181
4 Supernova (Type II) 188
- 4.1 Introduction 188
- 4.2 Overview 188
- 4.3 Formation of Iron Cores and Neutrino Cooling ] 90
- 4.4 Photodisintegration and Neutron isation 196
- 4.5 Neutrino Opacity and Trapping 198
- 4.6 Core Collapse 202
- 4.7 Bounce and Possible Shock Formation 206
- 4.8 Supernova Luminosity and Light Curves 210
- 4.9 Evolution of Supernova Remnants 216
- 4.10 Shock Acceleration in Supernova Remnants 224
- 4.11 Stellar Nucleosynthesis 230
5 White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes 236
- 5.1 Introduction 236
- 5.2 Structure of White Dwarfs 236
- 5.2.1 White Dwarfs Supported by Degenerate Electron Pressure
- 5.2.2 Coulomb Corrections at Low Densities
- 5.2.3 Corrections at High Densities
- 5.2.4 General Relativistic Corrections
- 5.2.5 Effect of Rotation and Magnetic Field
- 5.3 Surface Structure and Thermal Evolution of White Dwarfs
- 5.4 Equation of State at Higher Densities
- 5.5 Neutron Star Models
- 5.6 Mass Bounds for Neutron Stars
- 5.7 Internal Structure of Neutron Stars
- 5.7.1 Layers Inside a Neutron Star
- 5.7.2 Superfluidity in Neutron Stars
- 5.7.3 Microscopic Origin of a Bandgap
- 5.8 Gravitational Collapse and Black Holes
- 5.9 Rotating Black Holes
6 Pulsars
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Overview
- 6.3 Electromagnetic Field Around the Pulsar
- 6.3.1 The Aligned Rotator
- 6.3.2 Pair Production in a Pulsar Atmosphere
- 6.4 Atomic Structures in Strong Magnetic Fields
- 6.5 Glitches in Pulsars
- 6.6 Pulsar Timing
- 6.7 Pulsar Scintillation
- 6.7.1 Weak Scattering (m^ » >>)
- 6.7.2 Strong Scattering (r^n <K r?)
7 Binary Stars and Accretion
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Overview
- 7.3 Example of an Evolving Binary System
- 7.4 Low-Mass and High-Mass X-Ray Binaries
- 7.5 Accretion Disks
- 7.5.1 Model for Thin Disks
- 7.5.2 Nature of Disk Viscosity
- 7.5.3 Emergent Spectrum from a Thin Disk
- 7.6 Magnetic Effects in Accretion
- 7.6.1 Magnetic Torques and Pulsar Spin-Up
- 7.6.2 Millisecond Pulsars
- 7.7 General Relativistic Effects in Binary Systems
- 7.7.1 Gravitational Radiation from Binary Pulsars 382
- 7.7.2 Black Holes in Binary Systems 386
- 7.7.3 Gravitational Radiation from Coalescing Binaries 389
- 7.8 Varieties of Accreting Binary Systems 392
- 7.8.1 Novas 394
- 7.8.2 Supernova Type I 396
- 7.8.3 Cataclysmic Variables 397
- 7.8.4 X-Ray Transients and Be Stars 399
- 7.8.5 X-Ray Bursters 401
8 The Sun and the Solar System 404
- 8.1 Introduction 404
- 8.2 The Standard Solar Model 404
- 8.3 Solar Neutrinos 411
- 8.4 Solar Oscillations 415
- 8.5 The Atmosphere and the Corona of the Sun 420
- 8.6 Solar Flares 425
- 8.6.1 Magnetic Buoyancy 426
- 8.6.2 Magnetic Reconnection 427
- 8.7 Generation of the Solar Magnetic Field 431
- 8.8 Solar Wind 436
- 8.9 Brief Description of the Solar System 445
- 8.10 Aspects of Solar System Dynamics 449
- 8.10.1 Perturbation Theory 451
- 8.10.2 Example: Precession of Mercury 452
- 8.10.3 Precession of the Equinoxes 456
- 8.10.4 Tidal Friction 462
- 8.10.5 Long-Tcrm Evolution of the Solar System 466
9 The Interstellar Medium 469
- 9.1 Introduction 469
- 9.2 Overview 469
- .,3 lonisati on of the 1SM Around a Star 47 2
- 9.4 Propagation of lonisation Fronts 478
- 9.5 Heating and Cooling of the ISM 482
- 9.6 Global Structure of the ISM 490
- 9.7 Interstellar Electron Density and Magnetic Field 498
- 9.7.1 Electron Density from the Dispersion Measure 498
- 9.7.2 Faraday Rotation and the Interstellar Magnetic Field 500
- 9.8 Radiation from Ionised Interstellar Gas 502
- 9.9 21-em Observations of Neutral Hydrogen 509
- 9.10 Molecular Lines from the ISM 514
- 9.11 Maser Action in the ISM 518
- 9.12 Interstellar Dust Grains 522
- 9.13 Giant Molecular Clouds and Star Formation 527
10 Globular Cluster's 532
- 10.1 Introduction 532
- 10,2 Stellar Distribution and Ages of Globular Clusters 532
- 10.3 Time Scales in the Evolution of Globular Clusters 536
- 10.4 Fokker-Pianck Description of Globular Cluster Dynamics 542
- 10.5 Aspects of Globular Cluster Evolution 552
- 10.6 Binary Stars in Globular Clusters 556
- 10.7 Interaction Between Clusters and Disk 559
- 10.8 Open Clusters 561
Notes and References 565
Index 571
Index 571