Handbook of Chemical Reactor Design, Optimization, and Scaleup

Product Description

*Provides a detailed explanation of multiple chemical reactors *Includes numerical solutions and important chapters on bio-chemicals and polymers.

From the Back Cover

THE MODERN GUIDE TO CHEMICAL REACTORS

In the best professional sourcebook on chemical reactors ever written, world-class expert Bruce Nauman provides toos, information, and hands-on expertise to make important engineering tasks and decisions easier. Clearly and in depth, CHEMICAL REACTOR DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND SCALEUP provides--

* Up-to-date information to help chemical and process engineers save time, money, and materials
* Decision-aiding coverage of every aspect of selection, design factors and parameters, optimization, and scaleup
* A convenient source of explained formulas, principles, and data
* Numerous detailed examples
* Worked mathematical solutions
* The latest information on reactor design for biochemicals and polymers, as well as other newer and standard substances
DESIGN AND SPECIFY CHEMICAL REACTORS CONFIDENTLY, WITH STATE-OF-THE-ART SKILLS

Table of Contents

Data (Records) Text

• Front Matter

• Preface

• Notation

• Interactive Graphs
• Table of Contents

1. Elementary Reactions in Ideal Reactors


2. Multiple Reactions in Batch Reactors

3. Isothermal Piston Flow Reactors


4. Stirred Tanks and Reactor Combinations

5. Thermal Effects and Energy Balances

6. Design and Optimization Studies


7. Fitting Rate Data and Using Thermodynamics


8. Real Tubular Reactors in Laminar Flow


9. Real Tubular Reactors in Turbulent Flow

10. Heterogeneous Catalysis

11. Multiphase Reactors


12. Biochemical Reaction Engineering


13. Polymer Reaction Engineering

14. Unsteady Reactors

15. Residence Time Distributions

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Introduction to Physical Polymer Science By L. H. Sperling

Editorial Reviews

"Anyone in need of a basic text on polymer science would find this to be a very good choice, and it is highly recommended." (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, January/February 2007)
"Anyone in need of a basic text on polymer science would find this to be a very good choice, and it is highly recommended." (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, January/February 2007)

Product Description

An Updated Edition of the Classic Text

Polymers constitute the basis for the plastics, rubber, adhesives, fiber, and coating industries. The Fourth Edition of Introduction to Physical Polymer Science acknowledges the industrial success of polymers and the advancements made in the field while continuing to deliver the comprehensive introduction to polymer science that made its predecessors classic texts.

The Fourth Edition continues its coverage of amorphous and crystalline materials, glass transitions, rubber elasticity, and mechanical behavior, and offers updated discussions of polymer blends, composites, and interfaces, as well as such basics as molecular weight determination. Thus, interrelationships among molecular structure, morphology, and mechanical behavior of polymers continue to provide much of the value of the book.

Newly introduced topics include:

* Nanocomposites, including carbon nanotubes and exfoliated montmorillonite clays
* The structure, motions, and functions of DNA and proteins, as well as the interfaces of polymeric biomaterials with living organisms
* The glass transition behavior of nano-thin plastic films
In addition, new sections have been included on fire retardancy, friction and wear, optical tweezers, and more.

Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, Fourth Edition provides both an essential introduction to the field as well as an entry point to the latest research and developments in polymer science and engineering, making it an indispensable text for chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, and polymer science and engineering students and professionals.

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Modern Plastics Handbook By Charles A. Harper

                    Product Description

State-of-the-art guide to plastic product design, manufacture and application. Edited by Charles A. Harper and sponsored by Modern Plastics, the industry's most prestigious trade magazine, Modern Plastics Handbook packs a wealth of up-to-date knowledge about plastics processes, forms and formulations, design, equipment, testing and recycling. This A-to-Z guide keeps you on top of: *Properties and performance of thermoplastics, polymer blends...thermosets, reinforced plastics and composites...natural and synthetic elastomers

*  Processes from extrusion, injection and blow molding to thermoforming, foam processing, hand lay-up and filament winding, and many, many more *Fabricating...post-production finishing and bonding...coatings and finishes, subjects difficult to find treated elsewhere in print *More!

From the Back Cover

If you need hands-on information about plastics, you've come to the right source. Teaming up with the highly respected Modern Plastics magazine, expert Charles A. Harper delivers the most comprehensive single-source reference on plastics technology ever published.
Practical and highly insightful, the Modern Plastics Handbook gives you coverage of materials, product design, and manufacturing processes that you'll find nowhere else. An incisive examination of every aspect of plastics technology, this sourcebook can help you:

1) Compare and select types, processes, and uses.

2) Master chemistry and manufacturing techniques used in all segments of the industry.

3) Discover new design methods and details.

4) Find new testing and quality control guidance.

5) Cut cost with the latest recycling technology.

6) Apply new coating and finishing techniques.

7) Take plastics technology one step beyond.

Packed with essential information for those in -or interested in-the industry, the Modern Plastics Handbook is vital to anyone who makes decisions about plastics.

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Re-Engineering the Chemical Processing Plant: Process Intensification

Summary

The first guide to compile current research and frontline developments in the science of process intensification (PI), Re-Engineering the Chemical Processing Plant illustrates the design, integration, and application of PI principles and structures for the development and optimization of chemical and industrial plants. This volume updates professionals on emerging PI equipment and methodologies to promote technological advances and operational efficacy in chemical, biochemical, and engineering environments and presents clear examples illustrating the implementation and application of specific process-intensifying equipment and methods in various commercial arenas.

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Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations – Handbook

About the Book

2nd Edition - Water and wastewater treatment plant operators must have a breadth of knowledge that encompasses more than scientific theory. With two new chapters and more than 300 new practice scenarios, this second edition continues to offer a complete resource exclusively for water and wastewater plant operators. It is a thorough compilation of water science, treatment information, process control procedures, problem-solving techniques, safety and health information, and administrative and technological trends. The manual examines numerous real-world operating scenarios, including the intake of raw sewage and the treatment of water via residual management. Each scenario includes a comprehensive problem-solving practice set.

Table of Contents

Water and Wastewater Operations: An Overview. Water/Wastewater Operations: Math Operations. Characteristics of Water. Water and Water Treatment. Wastewater Treatment. Water/Wastewater Math Practice Problems.

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Kinetic Studies – Experimental Methods, 2nd Edition

Editorial Reviews

Book Description

This book is a guide to kinetic studies of reaction mechanisms

Product Description

This book is a guide to kinetic studies of reaction mechanisms. It reviews conventional reactor types and data collection methods, and introduces a new methodology for data collection using Temperature Scanning Reactors (TSR). It provides a theoretical and practical approach to temperature scanning (TS) methodology and supports a revival of kinetic studies as a useful approach to the fundamental understanding of chemical reaction mechanisms and the consequential reaction kinetics.

Audience

Professors, research directors, and individual researchers and teachers in kinetics, catalyst development and evaluation, reactor and process design. Industrial workers in catalyst development and process design. University departments and libraries for chemical engineering. Industry laboratories for chemical, petrochemical and catalysis research and development.

Contents

1. Reactor Types and their Characteristics 2. Collecting Data under Isothermal Operation 3. Using Kinetic Data in Reaction Studies 4. Difficulties with Mechanistic Rate Expressions 5. The Theory of Temperature Scanning Operation 6. Verification of Kinetic Dominance 7. Processing of Data 8. Fitting Rate Expressions to TSR Data 9. Interpretation of Rate Parameters 10. Statistical Evaluation of Multiparameter Fits 11. Experimental Studies Using TSR Methods 12. Using a Mechanistic Rate Expression 13. TSR Hardware Configurations References Index

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Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design

Editorial Reviews

Review
"In addition to its comprehensive treatment, the text also contains 484 problems and 96 detailed solutions to assist in the exploration of the subject." (Chemical Engineering Progress, March 2004) "...an amazing book; almost every topic that arises in the design of a chemical reactor is discussed... Highly recommended." (Choice, Vol. 41, No. 3, November 2003)

"In addition to its comprehensive treatment, the text also contains 484 problems and 96 detailed solutions to assist in the exploration of the subject.” (Chemical Engineering Progress, March 2004)
"...an amazing book; almost every topic that arises in the design of a chemical reactor is discussed.... Highly recommended." (Choice, Vol. 41, No. 3, November 2003)

Product Description

Laurence Belfiore’s unique treatment meshes two mainstream subject areas in chemical engineering: transport phenomena and chemical reactor design. Expressly intended as an extension of Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot’s classic Transport Phenomena, and Froment and Bischoff’s Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, Second Edition, Belfiore’s unprecedented text explores the synthesis of these two disciplines in a manner the upper undergraduate or graduate reader can readily grasp.

Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design approaches the design of chemical reactors from microscopic heat and mass transfer principles. It includes simultaneous consideration of kinetics and heat transfer, both critical to the performance of real chemical reactors. Complementary topics in transport phenomena and thermodynamics that provide support for chemical reactor analysis are covered, including:
Fluid dynamics in the creeping and potential flow regimes around solid spheres and gas bubbles
The corresponding mass transfer problems that employ velocity profiles, derived in the book’s fluid dynamics chapter, to calculate interphase heat and mass transfer coefficients
Heat capacities of ideal gases via statistical thermodynamics to calculate Prandtl numbers
Thermodynamic stability criteria for homogeneous mixtures that reveal that binary molecular diffusion coefficients must be positive

In addition to its comprehensive treatment, the text also contains 484 problems and ninety-six detailed solutions to assist in the exploration of the subject. Graduate and advanced undergraduate chemical engineering students, professors, and researchers will appreciate the vision, innovation, and practical application of Laurence Belfiore’s Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design.

CONTENTS

Preface.

PART I: ELEMENTARY TOPICS IN CHEMICAL REACTOR DESIGN.

Multiple Chemical Reactions in Plug Flow Tubular Reactors and Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors.

Start Up Behaviour of a Series Configuration of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors.

Adiabatic Plug-Flow Tubular Reactor That Produces Methanol Reversibly in the Gas Phase from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen.

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in Nonisothermal Liquid-Phase Tubular Reactors with Strongly Exothermic Chemical Reactions.

Multiple Stationary States in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors.

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction in Batch Reactors.

Total Pressure Method of Reaction-Rate Data Analysis.

PART II: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS.

Applications of the Equations of Change in Fluid Dynamics.

Derivation of the Mass Transfer Equation.

Dimensional Analysis of the Mass Transfer Equation.

Laminar Boundary Layer Mass Transfer around Solid Spheres, Gas Bubbles, and Other Submerged Objects.

Dimensional Analysis of the Equations of Change for Fluid Dynamic s Within the Mass Transfer Boundary Layer.

Diffusion and Chemical Reaction Across Spherical Gas-Liquid Interfaces.

PART III: KINETICS AND ELEMENTARY SURFACE SCIENCE.

Kinetic Mechanisms and Rate Expressions for Heterogeneous Surface-Catalyzed Chemical Reactions.

PART IV: MASS TRANSFER AND CHEMICAL REACTION IN ISOTHERMAL CATALYTIC PELLETS.

Diffusion and Heterogeneous Chemical Reaction in Isothermal Catalytic Pellets.

Complete Analytical Solutions for Diffusion and Zeroth-Order Chemical Reactions in Isothermal Catalytic Pellets.

Complete Analytical Solutions for Diffusion and First-Order Chemical Reactions in Isothermal Catalytic Pellets.

Numerical Solutions for Diffusion and nth-Order Chemical Reactions in Isothermal Catalytic Pellets.

Numerical Solutions for Diffusion and Hougen-Watson Chemical Kinetics in Isothermal Catalytic Pellets.

Internal Mass Transfer Limitations in Isothermal Catalytic Pellets.

Diffusion Coefficients and Damkohler Numbers Within the Internal Pores of Catalytic Pellets.

PART V: ISOTHERMAL CHEMICAL REACTOR DESIGN.

Isothermal Design of Heterogeneous Packed Catalytic Reactors.

Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactors with Metal Catalyst Coated on the Inner Walls of the Flow Channels.

Designing a Multicomponent Isothermal Gas-Liquid CSTR for the Chlorination of Benzene to Produce Monochlorobenzene.

PART VI: THERMODYNAMICS AND NONISOTHERMAL REACTOR DESIGN.

Classical Irreversible Therodynamics of Multicomponent Mixtures.

Molecular Flux of Thermal Energy in Binary and Multicomponent Mixtures Via the Formalism of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics.

Thermal Energy Balance in Multicomponent Mixtures and Nonisothermal Effectiveness Factors Via Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Catalysts.

Statistical Thermodynamics of Ideal Gases.

Thermodynamic Stability Criteria for Single-Phase Homogeneous Mixtures.

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in Packed Catalytic Tubular Reactors That Account for External Transport Limitations.

References.

Index.

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Mass Transfer: From Fundamentals to Modern Industrial Applications

DESCRIPTION

This didactic approach to the principles and modeling of mass transfer as it is needed in modern industrial processes is unique in combining a step-by-step introduction to all important fundamentals with the most recent applications. Based upon the renowned author's successful new modeling method as used for the O-18 process, the exemplary exercises included in the text are fact-proven, taken directly from existing chemical plants.
Fascinating reading for chemists, graduate students, chemical and process engineers, as well as thermodynamics physicists.

CONTENTS:

Preface.

1 Introduction.

1.1 The Beginnings of Mass Transfer.

1.2 Characteristics of Mass Transfer.

1.3 Three Fundamental Laws of Transport Phenomena.

1.3.1 Newton’s Law of Viscosity.

1.3.2 Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction.

1.3.3 Fick’s Law of Diffusion.

1.4 Summary of Phase Equilibria in Gas-Liquid Systems.

References.

2 Diffusion and Mass Transfer.

2.1 Motion of Molecules and Diffusion.

2.1.1 Diffusion Phenomena.

2.1.2 Definition of Diffusional Flux and Reference Velocity of Diffusion.

2.1.3 Binary Diffusion Flux.

2.2 Diffusion Coefficients.

2.2.1 Binary Diffusion Coefficients in the Gas Phase.

2.2.2 Multicomponent Diffusion Coefficients in the Gas Phase.

Example 2.1.

Solution.

2.3 Rates of Mass Transfer.

2.3.1 Definition of Mass Flux.

2.3.2 Unidirectional Diffusion in Binary Mass Transfer.

2.3.3 Equimolal Counterdiffusion.

2.3.4 Convective Mass Flux for Mass Transfer in a Mixture of Vapors.

Example 2.2.

Solution.

2.4 Mass Transfer Coefficients.

Example 2.3.

Solution.

2.5 Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients.

References.

3 Governing Equations of Mass Transfer.

3.1 Laminar and Turbulent Flow.

3.2 Continuity Equation and Diffusion Equation.

3.2.1 Continuity Equation.

3.2.2 Diffusion Equation in Terms of Mass Fraction.

3.2.3 Diffusion Equation in Terms of Mole Fraction.

3.3 Equation of Motion and Energy Equation.

3.3.1 The Equation of Motion (Navier–Stokes Equation).

3.3.2 The Energy Equation.

3.3.3 Governing Equations in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates.

3.4 Some Approximate Solutions of the Diffusion Equation.

3.4.1 Film Model.

3.4.2 Penetration Model.

3.4.3 Surface Renewal Model.

Example 3.1.

Solution.

3.5 Physical Interpretation of Some Important Dimensionless Numbers.

3.5.1 Reynolds Number.

3.5.2 Prandtl Number and Schmidt Number.

3.5.3 Nusselt Number.

3.5.4 Sherwood Number.

3.5.5 Dimensionless Numbers Commonly Used in Heat and Mass Transfer.

Example 3.2.

Solution.

3.6 Dimensional Analysis.

3.6.1 Principle of Similitude and Dimensional Homogeneity.

3.6.2 Finding Dimensionless Numbers and Pi Theorem.

References.

4 Mass Transfer in a Laminar Boundary Layer.

4.1 Velocity Boundary Layer.

4.1.1 Boundary Layer Equation.

4.1.2 Similarity Transformation.

4.1.3 Integral Form of the Boundary Layer Equation.

4.1.4 Friction Factor.

4.2 Temperature and Concentration Boundary Layers.

4.2.1 Temperature and Concentration Boundary Layer Equations.

4.2.2 Integral Form of Thermal and Concentration Boundary Layer Equations.

Example 4.1.

Solution.

4.3 Numerical Solutions of the Boundary Layer Equations.

4.3.1 Quasi-Linearization Method.

4.3.2 Correlation of Heat and Mass Transfer Rates.

Example 4.2.

Solution.

4.4 Mass and Heat Transfer in Extreme Cases.

4.4.1 Approximate Solutions for Mass Transfer in the Case of Extremely Large Schmidt Numbers.

4.4.2 Approximate Solutions for Heat Transfer in the Case of Extremely Small Prandtl Numbers.

4.5 Effect of an Inactive Entrance Region on Rates of Mass Transfer.

4.5.1 Polynomial Approximation of Velocity Profiles and Thickness of the Velocity Boundary Layer.

4.5.2 Polynomial Approximation of Concentration Profiles and Thickness of the Concentration Boundary Layer.

4.6 Absorption of Gases by a Falling Liquid Film.

4.6.1 Velocity Distribution in a Falling Thin Liquid Film According to Nusselt.

4.6.2 Gas Absorption for Short Contact Times.

4.6.3 Gas Absorption for Long Exposure Times.

Example 4.3.

Solution.

4.7 Dissolution of a Solid Wall by a Falling Liquid Film.

4.8 High Mass Flux Effect in Heat and Mass Transfer in Laminar Boundary Layers.

4.8.1 High Mass Flux Effect.

4.8.2 Mickley’s Film Model Approach to the High Mass Flux Effect.

4.8.3 Correlation of High Mass Flux Effect for Heat and Mass Transfer.

Example 4.4.

Solution.

References.

5 Heat and Mass Transfer in a Laminar Flow inside a Circular Pipe.

5.1 Velocity Distribution in a Laminar Flow inside a Circular Pipe.

5.2 Graetz Numbers for Heat and Mass Transfer.

5.2.1 Energy Balance over a Small Volume Element of a Pipe.

5.2.2 Material Balance over a Small Volume Element of a Pipe.

5.3 Heat and Mass Transfer near the Entrance Region of a Circular Pipe.

5.3.1 Heat Transfer near the Entrance Region at Constant Wall Temperature.

5.3.2 Mass Transfer near the Entrance Region at Constant Wall Concentration.

5.4 Heat and Mass Transfer in a Fully Developed Laminar Flow inside a Circular Pipe.

5.4.1 Heat Transfer at Constant Wall Temperature.

5.4.2 Mass Transfer at Constant Wall Concentration.

5.5 Mass Transfer in Wetted-Wall Columns.

Example 5.1.

Solution.

References.

6 Motion, Heat and Mass Transfer of Particles.

6.1 Creeping Flow around a Spherical Particle.

6.2 Motion of Spherical Particles in a Fluid.

6.2.1 Numerical Solution of the Drag Coefficients of a Spherical Particle in the Intermediate Reynolds Number Range.

6.2.2 Correlation of the Drag Coefficients of a Spherical Particle.

6.2.3 Terminal Velocity of a Particle.

Example 6.1.

Solution.

6.3 Heat and Mass Transfer of Spherical Particles in a Stationary Fluid.

6.4 Heat and Mass Transfer of Spherical Particles in a Flow Field.

6.4.1 Numerical Approach to Mass Transfer of a Spherical Particle in a Laminar Flow.

6.4.2 The Ranz–Marshall Correlation and Comparison with Numerical Data.

Example 6.2.

Solution.

6.4.3 Liquid-Phase Mass Transfer of a Spherical Particle in Stokes’ Flow.

6.5 Drag Coefficients, Heat and Mass Transfer of a Spheroidal Particle.

6.6 Heat and Mass Transfer in a Fluidized Bed.

6.6.1 Void Function.

6.6.2 Interaction of Two Spherical Particles of the Same Size in a Coaxial Arrangement.

6.6.3 Simulation of the Void Function.

References.

7 Mass Transfer of Drops and Bubbles.

7.1 Shapes of Bubbles and Drops.

7.2 Drag Force of a Bubble or Drop in a Creeping Flow (Hadamard’s Flow).

7.2.1 Hadamard’s Stream Function.

7.2.2 Drag Coefficients and Terminal Velocities of Small Drops and Bubbles.

7.2.3 Motion of Small Bubbles in Liquids Containing Traces of Contaminants.

7.3 Flow around an Evaporating Drop.

7.3.1 Effect of Mass Injection or Suction on the Flow around a Spherical Particle.

7.3.2 Effect of Mass Injection or Suction on Heat and Mass Transfer of a Spherical Particle.

Example 7.1.

Solution.

7.4 Evaporation of Fuel Sprays.

7.4.1 Drag Coefficients, Heat and Mass Transfer of an Evaporating Drop.

7.4.2 Behavior of an Evaporating Drop Falling Freely in the Gas Phase.

Example 7.2.

Solution.

7.5 Absorption of Gases by Liquid Sprays.

Example 7.3.

Solution.

7.6 Mass Transfer of Small Bubbles or Droplets in Liquids.

7.6.1 Continuous-Phase Mass Transfer of Bubbles and Droplets in Hadamard Flow.

7.6.2 Dispersed-Phase Mass Transfer of Drops in Hadamard Flow.

7.6.3 Mass Transfer of Bubbles or Drops of Intermediate Size in the Liquid Phase.

Example 7.4.

Solution.

References.

8 Turbulent Transport Phenomena.

8.1 Fundamentals of Turbulent Flow.

8.1.1 Turbulent Flow.

8.1.2 Reynolds Stress.

8.1.3 Eddy Heat Flux and Diffusional Flux.

8.1.4 Eddy Transport Properties.

8.1.5 Mixing Length Model.

8.2 Velocity Distribution in a Turbulent Flow inside a Circular Pipe and Friction Factors.

8.2.1 1/n-th Power Law.

8.2.2 Universal Velocity Distribution Law for Turbulent Flow inside a Circular Pipe.

8.2.3 Friction Factors for Turbulent Flow inside a Smooth Circular Pipe.

Example 8.1.

Solution.

8.3 Analogy between Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer.

8.3.1 Reynolds Analogy.

8.3.2 Chilton–Colburn Analogy.

Example 8.2.

Solution.

8.3.3 Von Ka’rman Analogy.

8.3.4 Deissler Analogy.

Example 8.3.

Solution.

8.4 Friction Factor, Heat, and Mass Transfer in a Turbulent Boundary Layer.

8.4.1 Velocity Distribution in a Turbulent Boundary Layer.

8.4.2 Friction Factor.

8.4.3 Heat and Mass Transfer in a Turbulent Boundary Layer.

8.5 Turbulent Boundary Layer with Surface Mass Injection or Suction.

Example 8.4.

Solution.

References.

9 Evaporation and Condensation.

9.1 Characteristics of Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer.

9.1.1 Mass Transfer with Phase Change.

9.1.2 Surface Temperatures in Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer.

9.2 Wet-Bulb Temperatures and Psychrometric Ratios.

Example 9.1.

Solution.

Example 9.2.

Solution.

9.3 Film Condensation of Pure Vapors.

9.3.1 Nusselt’s Model for Film Condensation of Pure Vapors.

9.3.2 Effect of Variable Physical Properties.

Example 9.3.

Solution.

9.4 Condensation of Binary Vapor Mixtures.

9.4.1 Total and Partial Condensation.

9.4.2 Characteristics of the Total Condensation of Binary Vapor Mixtures.

9.4.3 Rate of Condensation of Binary Vapors under Total Condensation.

9.5 Condensation of Vapors in the Presence of a Non-Condensable Gas.

9.5.1 Accumulation of a Non-Condensable Gas near the Interface.

9.5.2 Calculation of Heat and Mass Transfer.

9.5.3 Experimental Approach to the Effect of a Non-Condensable Gas.

Example 9.4.

Solution.

9.6 Condensation of Vapors on a Circular Cylinder.

9.6.1 Condensation of Pure Vapors on a Horizontal Cylinder.

9.6.2 Heat and Mass Transfer in the case of a Cylinder with Surface Mass Injection or Suction.

9.6.3 Calculation of the Rates of Condensation of Vapors on a Horizontal Tube in the Presence of a Non-Condensable Gas.

Example 9.5.

Solution.

References.

10 Mass Transfer in Distillation.

10.1 Classical Approaches to Distillation and their Paradox.

10.1.1 Tray Towers and Packed Columns.

10.1.2 Tray Efficiencies in Distillation Columns.

10.1.3 HTU as a Measure of Mass Transfer in Packed Distillation Columns.

10.1.4 Paradox in Tray Efficiency and HTU.

Example 10.1.

Solution.

10.2 Characteristics of Heat and Mass Transfer in Distillation.

10.2.1 Physical Picture of Heat and Mass Transfer in Distillation.

10.2.2 Rate-Controlling Process in Distillation.

10.2.3 Effect of Partial Condensation of Vapors on the Rates of Mass Transfer in Binary Distillation.

10.2.4 Dissimilarity of Mass Transfer in Gas Absorption and Distillation.

Example 10.2.

Solution.

Example 10.3.

Solution.

10.3 Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer Model for Packed Distillation Columns.

10.3.1 Wetted Area of Packings.

10.3.2 Apparent End Effect.

10.3.3 Correlation of the Vapor-Phase Diffusional Fluxes in Binary Distillation.

10.3.4 Correlation of Vapor-Phase Diffusional Fluxes in Ternary Distillation.

10.3.5 Simulation of Separation Performance in Ternary Distillation on a Packed Column under Total Reflux Conditions.

Example 10.4.

Solution.

Example 10.5.

Solution.

10.4 Calculation of Ternary Distillations on Packed Columns under Finite Reflux Ratio.

10.4.1 Material Balance for the Column.

10.4.2 Convergence of Terminal Composition.

Example 10.6.

Solution.

10.5 Cryogenic Distillation of Air on Packed Columns.

10.5.1 Air Separation Plant.

10.5.2 Mass and Diffusional Fluxes in Cryogenic Distillation.

10.5.3 Simulation of Separation Performance of a Pilot-Plant-Scale Air Separation Plant.

10.6 Industrial Separation of Oxygen-18 by Super Cryogenic Distillation.

10.6.1 Oxygen-18 as Raw Material for PET Diagnostics.

10.6.2 A New Process for Direct Separation of Oxygen-18 from Natural Oxygen.

10.6.3 Construction and Operation of the Plant.

References.

Subject Index.

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Wastewater Bacteria (Wastewater Microbiology)

Editorial Reviews

Review
"...a hand-on guide to understanding the biology and biological conditions that occur at each treatment unit." (Journal of the American Water Resources Association, October 2006)

"...a hand-on guide to understanding the biology and biological conditions that occur at each treatment unit." (Journal of the American Water Resources Association, October 2006)

Product Description

A practical guide to wastewater bacteria and the roles they perform in wastewater treatment Communicating material in a practical manner for operators and technicians who regulate and troubleshoot their wastewater treatment processes, Wastewater Bacteria discusses the effective control and proper operation of aerobic (activated sludge) and anaerobic (anaerobic digesters) biological treatment units to ensure that an adequate, active, and appropriate population of bacteria is present in each treatment unit. It is a hands-on guide to understanding the biology and biological conditions that occur at each treatment unit.
Avoiding unnecessary technical jargon and chemical equations, Wastewater Bacteria, the fifth book in the Wastewater Microbiology Series, explores and explains:

* Bacteria and the wastewater environment
* Enzymes and sludge production
* Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur bacteria
* Floc formation and filamentous organisms
* Nitrification and denitrification
* Sulfate reduction, fermentation, and methane production
* Toxicity
* Foam and malodor production

The goal of Wastewater Bacteria is to enable plant operators to achieve the twofold basic objectives of wastewater treatment-to degrade organic wastes to a level where a significant, dissolved oxygen demand is not exerted upon receiving waters and to remove nutrients to levels where photosynthetic organisms in receiving waters are limited in their growth. This straightforward manual equips plant technicians to meet these objectives with essential information to understand the biological processes and organisms involved in wastewater treatment.

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Polymer Chemistry: The Basic Concepts by Paul C. Hiemenz

Editorial Reviews

Review

"... designed to give the student or any reader an interesting and, in fact, fascinating body of valuable and stimulating information." -- Journal of Polymer Science

. . .an unusual book with a very realistic educational approach, designed to give the student or any reader an interesting and, in fact, fascinating body of valuable and stimulating information.
---Journal of Polymer Science

Product Description

“Highly recommended!” – CHOICE

New Edition Offers Improved Framework for Understanding Polymers
Written by well-established professors in the field, Polymer Chemistry, Second Edition provides a well-rounded and articulate examination of polymer properties at the molecular level. It focuses on fundamental principles based on underlying chemical structures, polymer synthesis, characterization, and properties.

Consistent with the previous edition, the authors emphasize the logical progression of concepts, rather than presenting just a catalog of facts. The book covers topics that appear prominently in current polymer science journals. It also provides mathematical tools as needed, and fully derived problems for advanced calculations. This new edition integrates new theories and experiments made possible by advances in instrumentation. It adds new chapters on controlled polymerization and chain conformations while expanding and updating material on topics such as catalysis and synthesis, viscoelasticity, rubber elasticity, glass transition, crystallization, solution properties, thermodynamics, and light scattering.

Polymer Chemistry, Second Edition offers a logical presentation of topics that can be scaled to meet the needs of introductory as well as more advanced courses in chemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

Product Details

Hardcover: 752 pages
Publisher: CRC; 1 edition (February 28, 1984)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 082477082X
ISBN-13: 978-0824770822
Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.1 x 1.6 inches
Shipping Weight: 2.2 pounds

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Fundamentals of Biochemical Engineering by Rajiv Dutta

Product Description

The biology, biotechnology, chemistry, pharmacy and chemical engineering students at various universtiy and engineering institutions are required to take the Biochemical Engineering course either as an elective or compulsory subject. This book is written keeping in mind the need for a text book on afore subject for students from both engineering and biology backgrounds. The main feature of this book is that it contains the solved problems, which help the students to understand the subject better.

The book is divided into three sections: Enzyme mediated bioprocess, whole cell mediated bioprocess and the engineering principle in bioprocess.

Dr. Rajiv Dutta is Professor in Biotechnology and Director, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Lucknow. He earned his M. Tech. in Biotechnology and Engineering from the Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT, Kharagpur and Ph.D. in Bioelectronics from BITS, Pilani. He has taught Biochemical Engineering and Biophysics to B.E., M.E. and M.Sc. level student carried out advanced research in the area of Ion channels at the Department of Botany at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater and Department of Biological Sciences at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. He also holds the position of Nanion Technologies Adjunct Research Professor at Research Triangle Institute, RTP, NC. He had received various awards including JCI Outstanding Young Person of India and ISBEM Dr. Ramesh Gulrajani Memorial Award 2006 for outstanding research in electro physiology.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 292 pages
• Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (June 23, 2008)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 3540779000
• ISBN-13: 978-3540779001

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Instrumentation Engineers' Handbook, Third Edition by Walt Boyes

Review
...a solid analysis of measurement and instrumentation fundamentals...provides basic insights to a number of emerging areas. - Control Magazine, 2003

Book Description
Compilation of contributions from forty industry experts in one volume.

Product Description

Instrumentation is not a clearly defined subject, having a 'fuzzy' boundary with a number of other disciplines. Often categorized as either 'techniques' or 'applications' this book addresses the various applications that may be needed with reference to the practical techniques that are available for the instrumentation or measurement of a specific physical quantity or quality. This makes it of direct interest to anyone working in the process, control and instrumentation fields where these measurements are essential.

The latest edition of the Instrumentation Reference Book is a comprehensive and authoritative collection of technical information, which is of direct practical value to instrumentation and control engineers as well as all instrument technicians and users. It is also an indispensable addition to any academic library for the benefit of engineering and science students. Written by a collection of specialist contributors under the guidance of Walt Boyes, the third edition of this book (developed from the work originally published for more than 40 years as Jones Instrument Technology) has been updated to include chapters on the fieldbus standards, reliability, EMC, 'virtual instrumentation', fibre optics, smart and intelligent transmitters, analyzers, level and flow meters, and many more.

Comprehensive and authoritative collection of technical information
Written by a collection of specialist contributors
Updated to include chapters on the fieldbus standards, reliability, EMC, 'virtual instrumentation', fibre optics, smart and intelligent transmitters, analyzers, level and flow meters, and many more.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 1062 pages
• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann; 3 edition (November 2002)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0750671238
• ISBN-13: 978-0750671231

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Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy by Felix A. Farret, M. Godoy Simões

Editorial Reviews

Review
"...an attractive reference book for research, consulting and development engineers...also, it can be used...in university." (IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Newsletter, March 2006)

Product Description
A unique electrical engineering approach to alternative sources of energy
Unlike other books that deal with alternative sources of energy from a mechanical point of view, Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy takes an electrical engineering perspective. Moreover, the authors examine the full spectrum of alternative and renewable energy with the goal of developing viable methods of integrating energy sources and storage efficiently. Readers become thoroughly conversant with the principles, possibilities, and limits of alternative and renewable energy.
The book begins with a general introduction and then reviews principles of thermodynamics. Next, the authors explore both common and up-and-coming alternative energy sources, including hydro, wind, solar, photovoltaic, thermosolar, fuel cells, and biomass. Following that are discussions of microturbines and induction generators, as well as a special chapter dedicated to energy storage systems. After setting forth the fundamentals, the authors focus on how to integrate the various energy sources for electrical power production. Discussions related to system operation, maintenance, and management, as well as standards for interconnection, are also set forth.

Throughout the book, diagrams are provided to demonstrate the electrical operation of all the systems that are presented. In addition, extensive use of examples helps readers better grasp how integration of alternative energy sources can be accomplished.

The final chapter gives readers the opportunity to learn about the HOMER Micropower Optimization Model. This computer model, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), assists in the design of micropower systems and facilitates comparisons of power generation techniques. Readers can download the software from the NREL Web site.

This book is a must-read for engineers, consultants, regulators, and environmentalists involved in energy production and delivery, helping them evaluate alternative energy sources and integrate them into an efficient energy delivery system. It is also a superior textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 504 pages
• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press; 1 edition (January 17, 2006)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0471712329
• ISBN-13: 978-0471712329

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Fossil Hydrocarbons by Norbert Berkowitz

Editorial Reviews

Review

"Berkowitz integrates material often found in standard professional handbooks on this subject, with discussion and examples that make for a readable work for professionals and students...a major goal of the book, and one that Berkowitz is successful in delivering, is for the reader to recognize that the future of heavy hydrocarbons is not merely a function they can be prepared, processed, and converted into products."
--J.J. Winebrake, James Madison University CHOICE

"[The book] is comprehensive and deals with all aspects of the origin, chemical and physical properties of and industrial uses for fossil hydrocarbons...From a chemist's viewpoint, the text brings together wide-ranging facets of the overall subject and is a very useful reference text. However, it is not just a book aimed at one particular discipline and the breadth of the subject is such that anyone who wants to know how fossil hydrocarbons are formed and how they are used will find this book unbeatable. The ideas are presented in a most readable style, and the case for giving coal more serious consideration as a source of hydrocarbons is well made."

--Graham J. Hutchings, Chemistry Department at University of Wales Cardiff, CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY

"Berkowitz has written both an excellent text and reference book on the origins of fossil hydrocarbons and on the processing of petroleum products. ...an important contribution to illustrating the relationship among the full spectrum of hydrocarbons. The book also provides original materials on the processing and enhancement of fossil hydrocarbons, and on universal environmental issues. The net result is a valuable text book that fills an important information gap in understanding fossil hydrocarbons." --ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE, May 2000, Michael J. King, The Hydrodynamics Group – Review

Product Description

Fossil hydrocarbons form a continuous series whose"heavy"members--heavy oils, bitumens, oil shale kerogens, and coal--are important sources of conventional lighter fuels. These hydrocarbons are much more abundant and easier to extract than natural gas and oil. This book discusses the origins and compositions of fossil hydrocarbons and shows how the"heavies"can be chemically transformed into environmentally clean gas, liquid transportation fuels, and an almost unlimited range of petrochemicals.

Dr. Berkowitz explodes the entrenched dichotomy between"petroleum hydrocarbons"and coal that has shaped popular perceptions of energy, showing that it is feasible to develop new technologies that capitalize on the availability of"synthetic"natural gas and light oils.

Fossil Hydrocarbons: Chemistry and Technology is a comprehensive treatment of fossil hydrocarbons, covering the source materials, biosources, metamorphic histories, geochemistry, classification, and molecular structure. It discusses the use of fossil hydrocarbons as a viable energy source in our future, detailing the preparation, processing and conversion technologies, as well as discussing the environmental issues that arise from production, processing, and use of various fossil hydrocarbons.

Key Features
* Approaches various fossil hydrocarbons as chemically related entities, thus dispelling the unwarranted distinctions between crude oils and coal
* Explains how heavy fossil hydrocarbons can be processed by much the same methods as crude oils for good economic and environmental purpose
* Illustrates how bitumens, oil shales, and coals are convertible into synthetic natural gas and oils
* Shows a path for reasonable energy self-sufficiency, through conversion of heavy hydrocarbons into synthetic natural gas and oils
* Augments each chapter with end-of-chapter notes and a detailed bibliography
* Provides more than 200 useful tables, schematics, and figures

From the Back Cover
Fossil hydrocarbons form a continuous series whose "heavy" members-heavy oils, bitumens, oil shale kerogens, and coal-are important sources of conventional lighter fuels and are also much more abundant and closer at hand than natural gas and oil. This book discusses the origins and compositions of fossil hydrocarbons and shows how the "heavies" can be chemically transformed into environmentally clean gas, liquid transportation fuels, and an almost unlimited range of petrochemicals.
Thus, by intent, the author explodes the entrenched dicotomy between "petroleum hydrocarbons" and coal that has shaped popular perceptions of energy and demonstrates the feasibility of developing new technologies that capitalize on the availability of "synthetic" natural gas and light oils.

Chapters 1-7 introduce the underlying concept, source materials, bio-sources, metamorphic histories, geochemistry, classification, and molecular structure. Chapters 8-10 focus on preparation, processing, and conversion technologies. Chapter 11 addresses environmental issues that arise from production, processing, and use of various fossil hydrocarbons.

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Gasification by Christopher Higman

Editorial Reviews

Review

'The book is highly recommended as a first exposure for any engineer to gasification and its applications.....An outstanding feature is the comprehensive list of references at the end of each chapter......The book succeeds in covering virtually all technical aspects of gasification.' Chemical Engineering Research and Design, April 2004

Book Description

The only book of its kind on the market, this volume offers the engineer the most comprehensive guide to gasification possible.

Product Description

This book provides an excellent overview of current technologies for the gasification of coal, oil, gas, biomass and waste feedstocks. Starting from the basic theory, it reviews the potential feedstocks and their suitability for different types of gasification process.

Commercial and near-commercial processes are described individually and various features discussed in detail. There is a comprehensive review of contaminants in synthesis gas as well as of gas treating processes. One chapter is devoted to discussions of various chemical, fuel and power applications for gasification. Economic, environmental and safety issues of gasification are also covered.

Both authors have been involved with gasification for over 30 years, gaining in the process a fund of practical insight and experience, which is evident throughout the book.

* Addresses practical issues such as selection of the best equipment.
* Ideal reference for anyone involved in operating or designing a gasification plant.
* Written in an easy-to-understand format with worked examples and a comprehensive glossary and bibliography.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 391 pages
• Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing; 1 edition (October 2, 2003)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0750677074
• ISBN-13: 978-0750677073

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A Practical Guide to Compressor Technology by Heinz P. Bloch

Editorial Reviews

Product Description
A Complete overview of theory, selection, design, operation, and maintenance

This text offers a thorough overview of the operating characteristics, efficiencies, design features, troubleshooting, and maintenance of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors. The author examines a wide spectrum of compressors used in heavy process industries, with an emphasis on improving reliability and avoiding failure. Readers learn both the theory underlying compressors as well as the myriad day-to-day practical issues and challenges that chemical engineers and plant operation personnel must address.

The text features:

• Latest design and manufacturing details of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors
• Examination of the full range of machines available for the heavy process industries
• Thorough presentation of the arrangements, material composition, and basic laws governing the design of all important process gas compressors
• Guidance on selecting optimum compressor configurations, controls, components, and auxiliaries to maximize reliability
• Monitoring and performance analysis for optimal machinery condition
• Systematic methods to avoid failure through the application of field-tested reliability enhancement concepts
• Fluid instability and externally pressurized bearings
• Reliability-driven asset management strategies for compressors
• Upstream separator and filter issues

The text's structure is carefully designed to build knowledge and skills by starting with key principles and then moving to more advanced material. Hundreds of photos depicting various types of compressors, components, and processes are provided throughout.

Compressors often represent a multi-million dollar investment for such applications as petrochemical processing and refining, refrigeration, pipeline transport, and turbochargers and superchargers for internal combustion engines. This text enables the broad range of engineers and plant managers who work with these compressors to make the most of the investment by leading them to the best decisions for selecting, operating, upgrading, maintaining, and troubleshooting.

From the Back Cover

A Complete overview of theory, selection, design, operation, and maintenance

This text offers a thorough overview of the operating characteristics, efficiencies, design features, troubleshooting, and maintenance of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors. The author examines a wide spectrum of compressors used in heavy process industries, with an emphasis on improving reliability and avoiding failure. Readers learn both the theory underlying compressors as well as the myriad day-to-day practical issues and challenges that chemical engineers and plant operation personnel must address.

The text features:

• Latest design and manufacturing details of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors
• Examination of the full range of machines available for the heavy process industries
• Thorough presentation of the arrangements, material composition, and basic laws governing the design of all important process gas compressors
• Guidance on selecting optimum compressor configurations, controls, components, and auxiliaries to maximize reliability
• Monitoring and performance analysis for optimal machinery condition
• Systematic methods to avoid failure through the application of field-tested reliability enhancement concepts
• Fluid instability and externally pressurized bearings
• Reliability-driven asset management strategies for compressors
• Upstream separator and filter issues

The text's structure is carefully designed to build knowledge and skills by starting with key principles and then moving to more advanced material. Hundreds of photos depicting various types of compressors, components, and processes are provided throughout.

Compressors often represent a multi-million dollar investment for such applications as petrochemical processing and refining, refrigeration, pipeline transport, and turbochargers and superchargers for internal combustion engines. This text enables the broad range of engineers and plant managers who work with these compressors to make the most of the investment by leading them to the best decisions for selecting, operating, upgrading, maintaining, and troubleshooting.

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Surface Production Operations, Volume 2:, Second Edition: Design of Gas-Handling Systems and Facilities

Editorial Reviews

Product Description
This book walks you through the equipment and processes used in gas-handling operations to help you design and manage a production facility. Production engineers will keep this volume on the desktop for the latest information on how to design, specify, and operate gas-handling systems and facilities.

The book allows engineers with little or no background in production facility design to easily locate details about equipment, processes, and design parameters. With this volume, you will more completely comprehend the techniques of handling produced fluids from gas wells so your facility can be more efficient and productive.

Revised edition puts the most current information about gas-handling systems at your fingertips

Features new sections

About the Author

Ken Arnold, P.E., is founder and president of Paragon Engineering Services, Houston, Texas. He has more than 35 years of experience with Paragon and with Shell in project engineering, engineering management, and research management. He has served on numerous SPE, API, and government advisory committees as an expert on oil handling, produced-water treating , and safety aspects of producing operations.

Maurice Stewart, Ph.D., P.E., has more than 25 years of international consulting and teaching experience in project management; designing, operating and troubleshooting oil-, water-, and gas-handling facilities; and conducting hazards reviews and risk assessments. He has served on numerous API, SPE, ISA, and NACE committees responsible for developing or revising industry codes, standards, and recommended practices. He received the Engineer of the Year award from the National Society of Professional Engineers in 1985.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 574 pages
• Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing; 2 edition (August 26, 1999)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0884158225
• ISBN-13: 978-0884158226

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Petroleum Engineering Handbook, Vol. 1 & 2 - General Engineering

The Petroleum Engineering Handbook has long been recognized as a valuable comprehensive reference book that offers practical day-to-day applications for students and experienced engineering professionals alike. This new edition, the first since 1987, has been greatly expanded and consists of seven volumes.

Volume I, General Engineering, includes chapters on mathematics, fluid properties (fluid sampling techniques; properties and correlations of oil, gas, condensate, and water; hydrocarbon phase behavior and phase diagrams for hydrocarbon systems; the phase behavior of water/hydrocarbon systems; and the properties of waxes, asphaltenes, and crude oil emulsions), rock properties (bulk rock properties, permeability, relative permeability, and capillary pressure), the economic and regulatory environment, and the role of fossil energy in the 21st century energy mix.

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Petroleum Products Handbook

  This handbook gives you a sound working knowledge of each product's properties, characteristics, and performance, enabling you to more easily select the right product for any specific requirement, and use it efficiently and economically. Thirty-two top specialists bring you this time and cost-saving help. They fully cover gasoline, diesel fuel oils, lubricating oils and greases, aircraft gas turbine fuels, distillate heating oils, liquefied petroleum gas, and many other petroleum products.

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Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics by Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi

Editorial Reviews

Product Description
Master fluid mechanics with the #1 text in the field!
Effective pedagogy, everyday examples, an outstanding collection of practical problems--these are just a few reasons why Munson, Young, and Okiishi's Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics is the best-selling fluid mechanics text on the market. In each new edition, the authors have refined their primary goal of helping you develop the skills and confidence you need to master the art of solving fluid mechanics problems.

This new Fifth Edition includes many new problems, revised and updated examples, new Fluids in the News case study examples, new introductory material about computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the availability of FlowLab for solving simple CFD problems.

Access special resources online
New copies of this text include access to resources on the book's website, including:

* 80 short Fluids Mechanics Phenomena videos, which illustrate various aspects of real-world fluid mechanics.

* Review Problems for additional practice, with answers so you can check your work.

* 30 extended laboratory problems that involve actual experimental data for simple experiments. The data for these problems is provided in Excel format.

* Computational Fluid Dynamics problems to be solved with FlowLab software.

Student Solution Manual and Study Guide

A Student Solution Manual and Study Guide is available for purchase, including essential points of the text, "Cautions" to alert you to common mistakes, 109 additional example problems with solutions, and complete solutions for the Review Problems.

From the Back Cover

Master fluid mechanics with the #1 text in the field!

Effective pedagogy, everyday examples, an outstanding collection of practical problems––these are just a few reasons why Munson, Young, and Okiishi’s Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics is the best-selling fluid mechanics text on the market. In each new edition, the authors have refined their primary goal of helping you develop the skills and confidence you need to master the art of solving fluid mechanics problems. 

This new Fifth Edition includes many new problems, revised and updated examples, new Fluids in the News case study examples, new introductory material about computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the availability of FlowLab for solving simple CFD problems.

Access special resources online

New copies of this text include access to resources on the book’s website, including:

• 80 short Fluids Mechanics Phenomena videos, which illustrate various aspects of real-world fluid mechanics.
• Review Problems for additional practice, with answers so you can check your work.
• 30 extended laboratory problems that involve actual experimental data for simple experiments. The data for these problems is provided in Excel format.
• Computational Fluid Dynamics problems to be solved with FlowLab software.

Student Solution Manual and Study Guide

A Student Solution Manual and Study Guide is available for purchase, including essential points of the text, “Cautions” to alert you to common mistakes, 109 additional example problems with solutions, and complete solutions for the Review Problems.

About the Author

Bruce R. Munson, Professor of Engineering Mechanics at Iowa State University since 1974, received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Purdue University and his Ph.D. degree from the Aerospace A Engineering and Mechanics Department of the University of Minnesota in 1970.

From 1970 to 1974, Dr. Munson was on the mechanical engineering faculty of Duke University. From 1964 o 1966, he worked as an engineer in the jet engine fuel control department of bendix Aerospace Corporation, South Bend, Indiana.

Dr. Munson's main professional activity has been in the area of fluid mechanism education and research. He has been responsible for the development of many fluid mechanics courses for studies in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, engineering science, and agricultural engineering and is the recipient of an Iowa State University Superior Engineering Teacher Award and the Iowa State University Alumni Association Faculty Citation.

He has authored and coauthored many theoretical and experimental technical papers on hydrodynamic stability, low Reynolds number flow, secondary flow, and the applications on hydrodynamic stability, low Reynolds number flow, secondary flow, and the applications of viscous incompressible flow. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and The American Physical Society.

Donald F. Young, Anson Marston Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Engineering, is a Faculty member in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at Iowa State University. Dr. young received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering, his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in theoretical and applied mechanics from Iowa State, and has taught both undergraduate and graduate courses in fluid mechanics for many years. In addition to being named a Distinguished Professor in the College of engineering, Dr. Young has also Received the Standard Oil Foundation Outstanding Teacher Award and the Iowa State University Alumni Association Faculty Citation. He has been engaged in fluid mechanics research for more than 35 years, with special interest in similitude and modeling and the interdisciplinary field o biomedical fluid mechanics. Dr.. Young has contributed to many technical publications and is the author or coauthor of two textbooks on applied mechanics. He is a fellow of the American society of Mechanical Engineers.

Theodore H. Okiishi, Associate Dean of Engineering and past Chair of Mechanical engineering at Iowa State university, has taught fluid mechanics courses there since 1967. He received his undergraduate and graduate degrees at Iowa State.

Form 1965 to 1967, Dr. Okiishi served as a U.S. Army officer with duty assignments at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, where he participated in rocket nozzle heat transfer research, and at the combined Intelligence Center, Saigon, Republic of south Vietnam, where he studied seasonal river flooding problems.

Professor Okiishi is active in research on turbomachinery fluid dynamics. He and his graduate students and other colleagues have written a number of journal articles based on their studies. some of these projects have involved significant collaboration with government and industrial laboratory researchers with two technical papers winning the ASME Melville Medal.

Dr. Okiishi has received several awards for teaching. He has developed undergraduate and graduate courses in classical fluid dynamics as well as the fluid dynamics of turbomachines.

He is a licensed professional engineer. His technical society activities include having been chair of the board of directors of The American society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International Gas Turbine Institute. He is a Fellow of  The American Society of (ASME) International  Gas Turbine Institute. He is a Fellow of The American society of Mechanical Engineers and the editor of the Journal of Turbomachinery. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 816 pages
• Publisher: Wiley; 5 edition (March 11, 2005)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0471675822
• ISBN-13: 978-0471675822

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Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering (4th Edition) (Prentice Hall International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences) by H. Scott Fogler

Editorial Reviews

Product Description
Great structure to ensure principles are clearly understood and can be appliedafter the completion of the book. This is achieved first through a discussion ofcritical thinking and how Socratic questioning is at the heart of criticalthinking, followed by examples of critical thinking questions, and then finallyexercises on critical thinking. Contains more coverage of industrial chemistrywith real reactors and real reactions and extends the wide range of applicationsto which chemical reaction engineering principles can be applied. Through theuse of an interactive CDROM that is shrunk wrapped with the text andcorresponding web page the book and resource material is designed to addressdifferent student learning styles according to the Felder-Solomon LearningStyle Index. (e.g. global/sequential, active/reflective, verbal/visual andsensing/intuitive)

From the Publisher

Widely adopted the world over, this text discusses solving reaction engineering problems through logic rather than memorization and the use of algorithms. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

From the Back Cover

The Definitive, Fully Updated Guide to Solving Real-World Chemical Reaction Engineering Problems

The fourth edition of Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering is a completely revised version of the worldwide best-selling book. It combines authoritative coverage of the principles of chemical reaction engineering with an unsurpassed focus on critical thinking and creative problem solving, employing open-ended questions and stressing the Socratic method. Clear and superbly organized, it integrates text, visuals, and computer simulations to help readers solve even the most challenging problems through reasoning, rather than by memorizing equations.

Thorough coverage of the fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering forms the backbone of this trusted text. To enhance the transfer of core skills to real-life settings, three styles of problems are included for each subject

1. Straightforward problems that reinforce the material
2. Problems that allow students to explore the issues and look for optimum solutions
3. Open-ended problems that encourage students to practice creative problem-solving skills

H. Scott Fogler has updated his classic text to provide even more coverage of bioreactions, industrial chemistry with real reactors and reactions, and an even broader range of applications, along with the newest digital techniques, such as FEMLAB. The fourth edition of Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering contains wide-ranging examples—from smog to blood clotting, ethylene oxide production to tissue engineering, antifreeze to cobra bites, and computer chip manufacturing to chemical plant safety.

About the CD-ROM

The CD-ROM offers numerous enrichment opportunities for both students and instructors, including the following Learning Resources:

• Summary Notes: Chapter-specific interactive material to address the different learning styles in the Felder/Solomon learning-style index
• Learning Resources: Web modules, reactor lab modules, interactive computer modules, solved problems, and problem-solving heuristics
• Living Example Problems: More than fifty-five interactive simulations in POLYMATH software, which allow students to explore the examples and ask “what-if” questions
• Professional Reference Shelf: Advanced content, ranging from collision and transition state theory to aerosol reactors, DFT, runaway reactions, and pharmacokinetics
• Additional Study Materials: Extra homework problems, course syllabi, and Web links to related material
• Latest Software to Solve “Digital Age” Problems: FEMLAB to solve PDEs for the axial and radial concentration and temperature profiles, and Polymath to do regression, solve nonlinear equations, and solve single and coupled ODEs

Throughout the book, icons help readers link concepts and procedures to the material on the CD-ROM for fully integrated learning and reference.

A. The Audience

This book and interactive CD-ROM is intended for use as both an undergraduate-level and a graduate-level text in chemical reaction engineering. The level will depend on the choice of chapters and CD-ROM Professional Reference Shelf (PRS) material to be covered and the type and degree of difficulty of problems assigned.

B. The Goals

B.1.To Develop a Fundamental Understanding of Reaction Engineering

The first goal of this book is to enable the reader to develop a clear understanding of the fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering (CRE). This goal will be achieved by presenting a structure that allows the reader to solve reaction engineering problems through reasoning rather than through memorization and recall of numerous equations and the restrictions and conditions under which each equation applies. The algorithms presented in the text for reactor design provide this framework, and the homework problems will give practice at using the algorithms. The conventional home problems at the end of each chapter are designed to reinforce the principles in the chapter. These problems are about equally divided between those that can be solved with a calculator and those that require a personal computer and a numerical software package such as Polymath, MATLAB, or FEMLAB.

To give a reference point as to the level of understanding of CRE required in the profession, a number of reaction engineering problems from the California Board of Registration for Civil and Professional Engineers—Chemical Engineering Examinations (PECEE) are included in the text.¹ Typically, these problems should each require approximately 30 minutes to solve.

Finally, the CD-ROM should greatly facilitate learning the fundamentals of CRE because it includes summary notes of the chapters, added examples, expanded derivations, and self tests. A complete description of these learning resources is given in the “The Integration of the Text and the CD-ROM” section in this Preface.

B.2. To Develop Critical Thinking Skills

A second goal is to enhance critical thinking skills. A number of home problems have been included that are designed for this purpose. Socratic questioning is at the heart of critical thinking, and a number of homework problems draw from R. W. Paul’s six types of Socratic questions² shown in Table P-1.

TABLE P-1. SIX TYPES OF SOCRATIC QUESTIONS

1. Questions for clarification: Why do you say that? How does this relate to our discussion?
   “Are you going to include diffusion in your mole balance equations?”
2. Questions that probe assumptions: What could we assume instead? How can you verify or disprove that assumption?
   “Why are you neglecting radial diffusion and including only axial diffusion?”
3. Questions that probe reasons and evidence: What would be an example?
   “Do you think that diffusion is responsible for the lower conversion?”
4. Questions about viewpoints and perspectives: What would be an alternative?
   “With all the bends in the pipe, from an industrial/practical standpoint, do you think diffusion and dispersion will be large enough to affect the conversion?”
5. Questions that probe implications and consequences: What generalizations can you make? What are the consequences of that assumption?
   “How would our results be affected if we neglected diffusion?”
6. Questions about the question: What was the point of this question? Why do you think I asked this question?
   “Why do you think diffusion is important?”

Scheffer and Rubenfeld^3,4 expand on the practice of critical thinking skills discussed by R. W. Paul by using the activities, statements, and questions shown in Table P-2.

TABLE P-2. CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS^2,3

Analyzing: separating or breaking a whole into parts to discover their nature, function, and relationships
“I studied it piece by piece.”
“I sorted things out.”

Applying Standards: judging according to established personal, professional, or social rules or criteria
“I judged it according to....”

Discriminating: recognizing differences and similarities among things or situations and distinguishing carefully as to category or rank
“I rank ordered the various....”
“I grouped things together.”

Information Seeking: searching for evidence, facts, or knowledge by identifying relevant sources and gathering objective, subjective, historical, and current data from those sources
“I knew I needed to look up/study....”
“I kept searching for data.”

Logical Reasoning: drawing inferences or conclusions that are supported in or justified by evidence
“I deduced from the information that....”
“My rationale for the conclusion was....”

Predicting: envisioning a plan and its consequences
“I envisioned the outcome would be....”
“I was prepared for....”

Transforming Knowledge: changing or converting the condition, nature, form, or function of concepts among contexts
“I improved on the basics by....”
“I wondered if that would fit the situation of ....”

I have found the best way to develop and practice critical thinking skills is to use Tables P-1 and P-2 to help students write a question on any assigned homework problem and then to explain why the question involves critical thinking.

More information on critical thinking can be found on the CD-ROM in the section on Problem Solving.

B.3. To Develop Creative Thinking Skills

The third goal of this book is to help develop creative thinking skills. This goal will be achieved by using a number of problems that are open-ended to various degrees. Here the students can practice their creative skills by exploring the example problems as outlined at the beginning of the home problems of each chapter and by making up and solving an original problem. Problem P4-1 gives some guidelines for developing original problems. A number of techniques that can aid the students in practicing and enhancing their creativity can be found in Fogler and LeBlanc⁵ and in the Thoughts on Problem Solving section on the CD-ROM and on the web site www.engin.umich.edu/~cre. We will use these techniques, such as Osborn’s checklist and de Bono’s lateral thinking (which involves considering other people’s views and responding to random stimulation) to answer add-on questions such as those in Table P-3.

TABLE P-3. PRACTICING CREATIVE THINKING

1. Brainstorm ideas to ask another question or suggest another calculation that can be made for this homework problem.
2. Brainstorm ways you could work this homework problem incorrectly.
3. Brainstorm ways to make this problem easier or more difficult or more exciting.
4. Brainstorm a list of things you learned from working this homework problem and what you think the point of the problem is.
5. Brainstorm the reasons why your calculations overpredicted the conversion that was measured when the reactor was put on stream. Assume you made no numerical errors on your calculations.
6. “What if...” questions: The “What if...” questions are particularly effective when used with the Living Example Problems where one varies the parameters to explore the problem and to carry out a sensitivity analysis. For example, what if someone suggested that you should double the catalyst particle diameter, what would you say?

One of the major goals at the undergraduate level is to bring students to the point where they can solve complex reaction problems, such as multiple reactions with heat effects, and then ask “What if...” questions and look for optimum operating conditions. One problem whose solution exemplifies this goal is the Manufacture of Styrene, Problem P8-26. This problem is particularly interesting because two reactions are endothermic and one is exothermic.

1. Ethylbenzene→Styrene + Hydrogen: Endothermic
2. Ethylbenzene→Benzene + Ethylene: Endothermic
3. Ethylbenzene + Hydrogen→Toluene + Methane: Exothermic

To summarize Section B, it is the author’s experience that both critical and creative thinking skills can be enhanced by using Tables P-1, P-2, and P-3 to extend any of the homework problems at the end of every chapter.

C. The Structure

The strategy behind the presentation of material is to build continually on a few basic ideas in chemical reaction engineering to solve a wide variety of problems. These ideas, referred to as the Pillars of Chemical Reaction Engineering, are the foundation on which different applications rest.

From these Pillars we construct our CRE algorithm:

Mole balance + Rate laws + Stoichiometry + Energy balance + Combine

With a few restrictions, the contents of this book can be studied in virtually any order after students have mastered the first four chapters.

Table P-4 shows examples of topics that can be covered in a graduate course and an undergraduate course. In a four-hour undergraduate course at the University of Michigan, approximately eight chapters are covered in the following order: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6; Sections 5.1-5.3; and Chapters 7, 8, and parts of Chapter 10.

TABLE P...

Product Details

• Hardcover: 1120 pages
• Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR; 4 edition (September 2, 2005)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0130473944
• ISBN-13: 978-0130473943

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Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing (Materials Science and Process Technology Series) by Donald M. Mattox

Editorial Reviews

Book Description

This book covers all aspects of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) process technology from the characterizing and preparing the substrate material, through deposition processing and film characterization, to postdepostion processing.

Product Description

This book covers all aspects of physical vapor deposition (PVD) process technology from the characterizing and preparing the substrate material, through deposition processing and film characterization, to post-deposition processing. The emphasis of the book is on the aspects of the process flow that are critical to economical deposition of films that can meet the required performance specifications.

The book covers subjects seldom treated in the literature: substrate characterization, adhesion, cleaning and the processing. The book also covers the widely discussed subjects of vacuum technology and the fundamentals of individual deposition processes. However, the author uniquely relates these topics to the practical issues that arise in PVD processing, such as contamination control and film growth effects, which are also rarely discussed in the literature. In bringing these subjects together in one book, the reader can understand the interrelationship between various aspects of the film deposition processing and the resulting film properties. The author draws upon his long experience with developing PVD processes and troubleshooting the processes in the manufacturing environment, to provide useful hints for not only avoiding problems, but also for solving problems when they arise. He uses actual experiences, called ""war stories"", to emphasize certain points. Special formatting of the text allows a reader who is already knowledgeable in the subject to scan through a section and find discussions that are of particular interest. The author has tried to make the subject index as useful as possible so that the reader can rapidly go to sections of particular interest. Extensive references allow the reader to pursue subjects in greater detail if desired.

The book is intended to be both an introduction for those who are new to the field and a valuable resource to those already in the field. The discussion of transferring technology between R&D and manufacturing provided in Appendix 1, will be of special interest to the manager or engineer responsible for moving a PVD product and process from R&D into production. Appendix 2 has an extensive listing of periodical publications and professional societies that relate to PVD processing. The extensive Glossary of Terms and Acronyms provided in Appendix 3 will be of particular use to students and to those not fully conversant with the terminology of PVD processing or with the English language.

About the Author

Donald M. Mattox, together with his wife, Vivienne, are the founders of Management Plus, Inc. He is also the Technical Director of the Society of Vacuum Coaters (SVC). Mattox writes a monthly column on PVD processing and vacuum/plasma technology for the American Electroplating and Surface Finishing (AESP) Society journal, Plating and Surface Finishing. Since 1992, he has also been Technical Director of the Association of Vacuum Equipment Manufacturers (AVEM). Mattox was a staff member at Sandia National Laboratories for twenty-eight years. He is the inventor of the "ion plating" process. In addition, he was past president of the American Vacuum Society, Chairman of the Thin Film Division, Member of the Board of Directors, and associate editor of the Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology. Mattox is author of over 100 journal publications and several book chapters.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 949 pages
• Publisher: Noyes Publications; 1 edition (March 1, 1998)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0815514220
• ISBN-13: 978-0815514220

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Gas Production Operations (for Gas Engineering Professionals) by H. Dale Beggs

Gas Production Operations, an upper-level engineering text, covers essentially all of the operations involved in moving natural gas from its initial location in the reservoir to its final destination, including movement through the reservoir, piping system, separation facilities, and compressor.

The book covers information that is essential in the day-to-day operation of a gas field. Detection of abnormal well performance, separator selection, and prediction of hydrate formation are illustrated.

Table of Contents:

• Introduction
• Gas Properties
• Gas Reservoir Performance
• Piping System Performance
• Gas Compression
• Total System Analysis
• Flow Measuring
• Gas-Condensate Reservoirs
• Field Operations Problems
• Gas Processing
• Appendices
• Index

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